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Student posters and leaflets during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
During the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, many big-character posters, banners and leaflets appeared. These posters and leaflets became an important source throughout the course of the student movement. They provided valuable information and insight into the goals, slogans and instructions that were to guide students about what they were expected to do during the protests. A central place where posters and leaflets were printed and posted was at “the Triangle;” located at Peking University. The Triangle, also known as a democracy wall was “a wall of bulletin boards erected around a triangle of land in the centre of the campus”.〔Wu, Vivian. “Demolition of Democracy Wall criticized.” South China Morning Post, 2007. p.4. Full Text article available at http://www.lexisnexis.com/〕 The Triangle became a democratic space where students, teachers and Chinese citizens went in order to voice their opinions and feelings towards the movement, to know the progress and course of the movement, and to provide information on events and incidents (Student Hunger Strikes and “Xinhua Gate Incident”—Zhongnanhai). The Triangle was considered “a marketplace for information and was regarded as a symbolic space for free expression.” 〔
==Importance of Posters and Leaflets==
As the movement progressed many poems and short essays were also pasted at the base of the Monument to the People's Heroes informing people about ideas and tactics that were emerging during the course of the movement.〔Han Minzhu, p. 49.〕 The Monument to the People's Heroes became “the center stage as cries for democracy were pasted and broadcast from it during the movement.” 〔Han Minzhu, p. 61.〕 Posters appeared on the monument describing events that others may not have had the chance to witness such as the student petition submitted on April 22 which government officials declined to receive, and the Xinhua Gate Incident involving alleged police brutality towards students. Ideas also appeared in handbills and student papers that were passed out in and around the Square.〔Han Minzhu, p.61.〕
Ideas and slogans during the movement began as posters on campuses, and were later converted to leaflets and handbills. Big and small character posters became the main way to report news and express viewpoints on campuses.〔Han Minzhu, p.76.〕 The ideas they expressed spread by word of mouth, or by individuals who had hand copied the contents. To express news and ideas quickly, efficiently, and accurately the “propaganda teams of student organizations created handbills explaining movement activities, and they went to the streets” to hand out leaflets to the public. Nonofficial papers such as the ''News Herald'' and the ''Hunger Strikers' News Bulletin and News Flashes'' were printed and distributed to inform of “pro-democracy activities and to include student grievances.” 〔Han Minzhu, p.77.〕 Posters and leaflets appeared around universities throughout China, but they were mainly concentrated in Beijing. Big-character posters became a way for individuals to express their views and to collectively share ideas and opinions regarding the government and movement.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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